- 16 oz (454g) elbow macaroni (or cavatappi, shells)
- Salt for pasta water
For the Cheese Sauce:
- 4 tbsp (½ stick / 57g) unsalted butter
- ¼ cup (30g) all-purpose flour
- 3½ cups (840ml) whole milk, warmed
- 2 cups (8 oz) sharp cheddar cheese, shredded
- 1½ cups (6 oz) Gruyère or fontina cheese, shredded
- ½ cup (2 oz) Parmesan cheese, grated
- 1 tsp Dijon mustard
- ½ tsp garlic powder
- ¼ tsp cayenne pepper (optional, for warmth)
- Salt & white pepper to taste
For the Topping:
- 1 cup panko breadcrumbs (or regular)
- 2 tbsp Parmesan cheese, grated
- 2 tbsp butter, melted
- Optional: pinch of smoked paprika
💡 Pro Tips:
- Use freshly shredded cheese—pre-shredded contains anti-caking agents that make sauce grainy.
- Warm the milk—prevents lumps in the roux.
- White pepper keeps the sauce visually smooth.
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